Biology 1-2 Standards

Unit 1 Introduction to Biology

Standards:

  1. Demonstrate the knowledge and skills necessary to do scientific inquiry.
  2. Demonstrate an understanding of the characteristics that living things have in common

 

Unit 2 Chemistry of Life

  1. Describe the basic structures and primary functions of the four major categories of organic molecules
  2. Describe how the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment is required for the continuation of life and describe the functions of systems that help maintain the health of an organism
  3. Identify and describe the relationships between internal feedback mechanisms in the maintenance of homeostasis
  4. Understand how various factors affect energy transfers and that energy can be transformed from one form of energy to another

 

Unit 3Cell Biology

  1. Explain that cells are the basic structures of all living things and have specialized parts that perform specific functions, and that viruses are different from cells and have different properties and functions
  2. Explain that fundamental life processes of living things depend on a variety of chemical reactions that occur in specialized areas of the organism's cells.

 

Unit 4 Cell Chemistry and Energetics

  1. Identify and describe cellular processes including homeostasis, permeability, energy production, transportation of molecules, disposal of wastes, function of cellular parts, and synthesis of new molecules
  2. Describe how photosynthesis produces chemical energy from sunlight through a series of chemical reactions within specialized regions of autotrophic cells
  3. Describe how cellular respiration produces chemical energy from the breakdown of glucose by a series of chemical reactions that occur within specialized regions of all cells.

 

Unit 5 Cellular Reproduction and Genetics

  1. Describe how a multicellular organism develops from a single zygote, and its phenotype depends on its genotype, which is established at fertilization
  2. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproduction
  3. Explain how hereditary information is passed from parents to offspring through meiosis, in terms of genes, chromosomes, and DNA
  4. Explain how hereditary information from two parents is combined and expressed in offspring, in terms of dominant and recessive traits.
  5. Distinguish among observed inheritance patterns caused by several types of genetic traits

 

 

Unit 6 Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology

  1. Describe the gene-chromosome theory.
  2. Describe the relationship between genes and proteins.
  3. Explain how genes are a set of instructions encoded in the DNA sequence of each organism and that they specify the sequence of amino acids in proteins characteristic of that organism.
  4. Describe genetic variation including mutations at the molecular level.

 

Unit 7 Evolution and Natural Selection

  1. Describe how evolution is the result of genetic changes that occur in constantly changing environments
  2. Explain how natural selection acts on individuals, but it is populations that evolve.
  3. Relate genetic mutations and genetic variety produced by sexual reproduction to diversity within a given population
  4. Describe the role of geographic isolation in speciation
  5. Explain, using examples, how the fossil record, comparative anatomy, and genetic similarities (DNA) supports the theory of evolution

 

Unit 8 Classification and the Diversity of Life

  1. Describe the applications of the science of taxonomy and identify its limitations
  2. Describe how the success of Prokaryotes is based on diverse adaptations of form and function
  3. The diversity of protists represents a variety of eukaryotic organizations that evolved over time
  4. Recognize the role of moneran, protists, and fungi in the ecosystem

 

Unit 9 Plant Kingdom

  1. Describe how the functions of tissues and organs are correlated with their structures
  2. Analyze how tissues, organs, and organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis
  3. Explain how different plants accomplish the same result using different structural specializations
  4. Explain how Bioenergetics is fundamental to all organisms.

 

Unit 10 Animal Kingdom

  1. Explain how the diversity of animals represents a variety of body organizations that evolved over time
  2. Describe how the functions of tissues and organs are correlated with their structures
  3. Analyze how tissues, organs, and organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis.
  4. Explain how Bioenergetics is fundamental to all organisms.
  5. Identify and describe the reproductive adaptations of vertebrate classes and explain how they solve the problems with life on land

 

 

Unit 11 Ecology

  1. Describe how and why energy transfer in an ecosystem is unidirectional
  2. Describe how  nutrients are recycled in an ecosystem through multiple processes
  3. Earth’s biosphere can be divided by into biomes that have unique physical characteristics  that create a unique community of living things
  4. Explain the factors that affect population growth
  5. Ecological succession is an ongoing process culminating in a climax community
  6. Examine the negative impact of human activities on the environment and living organisms

 

Unit 12 Human Biology